Seeing unexplained blood spots on your skin can be alarming. This comprehensive guide provides information on various causes of blood spots (purpura), drawing on NHS guidelines and medical knowledge to help you understand when these spots are cause for concern and when they're likely harmless. We will explore different types of blood spots, their appearances, and when you should seek medical advice. Remember, this information is for general knowledge and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a doctor or other healthcare professional for any health concerns.
Types of Blood Spots and Their Appearance
Blood spots, medically termed purpura, appear as red or purple discolorations on the skin. Their size and appearance can indicate the underlying cause. We'll look at common types:
Petechiae:
- Appearance: Tiny, pinprick-sized, round, red or purple spots that don't blanch (don't turn white when pressed). They are often numerous and clustered together.
- Causes: These can result from minor trauma, strenuous exercise, coughing fits, or certain medical conditions.
Purpura:
- Appearance: Larger, flat, reddish-purple patches on the skin. These are bigger than petechiae.
- Causes: Purpura can stem from various factors including medication side effects, infections, or bleeding disorders.
Ecchymoses (Bruises):
- Appearance: Larger, raised, and often changing color over time (from red/purple to blue/green/yellow). These typically result from trauma.
- Causes: Direct impact or injury to the skin.
Common Causes of Blood Spots
Numerous factors can lead to the appearance of blood spots. Some are harmless, while others require medical attention:
Harmless Causes:
- Minor trauma: A bump or slight injury can cause bruising.
- Strenuous exercise: Intense physical activity can sometimes lead to tiny blood spots.
- Coughing or straining: Forceful actions can cause small vessel rupture.
- Certain medications: Some drugs can increase the risk of bleeding and bruising.
Causes Requiring Medical Attention:
- Bleeding disorders: Conditions like thrombocytopenia (low platelet count) or hemophilia can cause spontaneous bleeding.
- Infections: Certain infections can lead to widespread blood spots.
- Vasculitis: Inflammation of blood vessels can cause purpura.
- Liver disease: Impaired liver function can affect blood clotting.
- Certain cancers: In rare instances, blood spots can be a symptom of cancer.
When to See a Doctor Regarding Blood Spots
While many blood spots are benign, it's crucial to seek medical advice if you experience:
- Sudden appearance of many blood spots: A large number of spots appearing suddenly warrants immediate attention.
- Blood spots accompanied by other symptoms: Fever, fatigue, easy bruising, unexplained weight loss, or joint pain should prompt a doctor's visit.
- Blood spots that don't fade: Spots that persist for an extended period need evaluation.
- Blood spots accompanied by bleeding from other areas: Nosebleeds, gum bleeding, or heavy menstrual bleeding require medical assessment.
- Blood spots in unusual locations: Spots appearing on your palms, soles, or mucous membranes should be examined.
